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ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ ਰਾਜ (ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ: Sikh Empire ਸਿੱਖ ਐਮਪਾਇਰ; ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਰਾਜ, ਸਿੱਖ ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ ਰਾਜ ਜਾਂ ਸਰਕਾਰ-ਏ-ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ ਵੀ ਕਿਹਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ) ਇੱਕ ਤਾਕਤਵਰ ਅਤੇ ਨਿਰਪੱਖ ਮੀਰੀ ਸੀ ਜਿਸ ਦਾ ਆਗਾਜ਼ ਦੱਖਣੀ ਏਸ਼ੀਆ ਦੇ ਪੰਜਾਬ ਖੇਤਰ ਦੁਆਲੇ ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਅਧੀਨ ਹੋਇਆ।[1] ਇਹ ਸਲਤਨਤ 1799 ਵਿੱਚ ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਦੇ ਲਾਹੌਰ ਉੱਤੇ ਕਬਜ਼ੇ ਤੋਂ 1849 ਤੱਕ ਰਿਹਾ, ਜਿਸਦੀ ਜੜ੍ਹ ਸਮੂਹ ਸੁਤੰਤਰ ਸਿੱਖ ਮਿਸਲਾਂ ਦੇ ਖਾਲਸਾਈ ਸਿਧਾਂਤਾਂ 'ਤੇ ਅਧਾਰਿਤ ਸੀ।[2][3] 19ਵੀਂ ਸਦੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਬੁਲੰਦੀਆਂ ਵੇਲੇ, ਇਹ ਰਾਜ ਲਹਿੰਦੇ ਵੱਲ ਦੱਰਾ-ਏ-ਖ਼ੈਬਰ ਤੋਂ ਚੜ੍ਹਦੇ ਪਾਸੇ ਲਹਿੰਦੇ-ਤਿਬਤ, ਅਤੇ ਦੱਖਣ ਵੱਲ ਮਿਠਾਨਕੋਟ ਤੋਂ ਉੱਤਰ ਕੰਨੀ ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰ ਤੱਕ ਫੈਲਿਆ। ਇਹ ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ਾ ਦੇ ਬ੍ਰਿਟਿਸ਼ ਰਾਜ ਹਿੱਸੇ ਆਉਣ ਵਾਲਾ ਦੱਖਣੀ ਏਸ਼ੀਆ ਦਾ ਸਭ ਤੋਂ ਆਖਰੀ ਨਰੋਆ ਖੇਤਰ ਸੀ।
ਖਾਲਸਾ ਰਾਜ ਦੀ ਨੀਹ ਸੰਨ 1707 ਦੇ ਸ਼ੁਰੂਆਤੀ ਦੌਰ ਵੇਲੇ ਰੱਖੀ ਗਈ ਹੋਣ ਦਾ ਦਾਵਾ ਹੋ ਸਕਦਾ ਹੈ, ਜਿਸ ਸਾਲ ਔਰੰਗਜ਼ੇਬ ਦੀ ਮੌਤ ਅਤੇ ਮੁਗ਼ਲੀਆ ਸਲਤਨਤ ਦਾ ਨਾਸ ਹੋਣਾ ਅਰੰਭ ਹੋਇਆ। ਮੁਗ਼ਲਾਂ ਦੇ ਬਹੁਤ ਜ਼ਿਆਦਾ ਕਮਜ਼ੋਰ ਹੋਣ ਨਾਲ, ਦਲ ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ, ਗੁਰੂ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਿੰਘ ਦੀ ਸਾਜੀ ਖਾਲਸਾ ਫੌਜ ਦਾ ਇੰਤਜ਼ਾਮੀ ਤੌਰ ਤੇ ਸੁਧਾਰਿਆ ਵਜੂਦ, ਦੀ ਅਗਵਾਈ ਹੇਠ ਠੰਡੇ ਪਏ ਮੁਗ਼ਲਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਲਹਿੰਦੇ ਵੱਲ ਪਠਾਣਾ ਖਿਲਾਫ਼ ਮੁਹਿੰਮ ਜਾਰੀ ਹੋ ਗਈ। ਇਸ ਨਾਲ ਫੌਜ ਦਾ ਪਸਾਰਾ ਹੋਇਆ ਜੋ ਅੱਗੇ ਜਾ ਕੇ ਵੱਖ-ਵੱਖ ਕੌਨਫ਼ੈਡਰਸੀਆਂ ਜਾਂ ਅਧ-ਸੁਤੰਤਰ ਮਿਸਲਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਵੰਡ ਹੋ ਗਏ। ਮਿਸਲਾਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਇਹਨਾਂ ਫੌਜੀ ਟੁਕੜੀਆ ਨੇ ਇੱਕ-ਦੂਜੇ ਤੋਂ ਅਲਹਿਦਾ ਇਲਾਕੇ ਅਤੇ ਸ਼ਹਿਰ ਕਾਬੂ ਕਰ ਲਏ। ਭਰ, 1762 ਤੋਂ 1799 ਦੇ ਵਕਵੇ ਦੌਰਾਨ, ਇੰਜ ਲੱਗ ਰਿਹਾ ਸੀ ਜਿਵੇਂ ਮਿਸਲਦਾਰੀਆਂ ਦੇ ਸਿੱਖ ਸਰਦਾਰ ਆਪਣੇ ਆਪ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੀ ਅਜ਼ਾਦ ਫ਼ੌਜਦਾਰ ਬਣ ਰਹੇ ਹੋਣ।
ਸਾਮਰਾਜ ਦਾ ਆਗਾਜ਼ ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਵਲੋਂ ਲਹੌਰ ਦਾ ਕਬਜ਼ਾ ਉਸ ਦੇ ਅਫ਼ਗਾਨੀ ਰਾਜੇ, ਜ਼ਮਾਨ ਸ਼ਾਹ ਦੁਰਾਨੀ ਤੋਂ ਲੈਕੇ ਹੋਇਆ, ਅਤੇ ਇਸੇ ਲੜੀ ਤਹਿਤ ਅਫ਼ਗਾਨ, ਅਫ਼ਗਾਨ-ਸਿੱਖ ਜੰਗਾਂ ਹਾਰਕੇ ਪੰਜਾਬ ਤੋਂ ਬਰਖਾਸਤ ਹੋਣੇ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਹੋ ਗਏ, ਨਾਲੇ ਖੇਰੂ-ਖੇਰੂ ਹੋਈਆਂ ਸਿੱਖ ਮਿਸਲਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਇਕਤਾ ਹੋਣ ਲੱਗ ਪਈ। ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਨੂੰ 12 ਅਪ੍ਰੈਲ 1801 (ਵਿਸਾਖੀ ਵਾਲੇ ਦਿਨ) ਪੰਜਾਬ ਦਾ ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ ਐਲਾਨਿਆ ਗਿਆ, ਜਿਸ ਨਾਲ ਇੱਕ ਸਿਆਸੀ ਏਕਤਾ ਵਾਲਾ ਸੂਬਾ ਸਿਰਜਿਆ। ਸਾਹਿਬ ਸਿੰਘ ਬੇਦੀ, ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ ਸਾਹਿਬ ਦੀ ਪੀੜੀ ਵਿੱਚੋ, ਨੇ ਤਾਜਪੋਸ਼ੀ ਨੂੰ ਇੰਜ਼ਾਮ ਦਿਤਾ।[4] ਇਕਲੇ ਇੱਕ ਮਿਸਲ ਦੇ ਮੁੱਖੀ ਹੋਣ ਤੋਂ ਪੰਜਾਬ ਦੇ ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ ਬਣਨ ਤੱਕ, ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਬਹੁਤ ਥੋੜੇ ਹੀ ਵਕਵੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਸੱਤਾ ਤੇ ਕਾਬਜ਼ ਹੋਇਆ। ਓਹ ਆਪਣੀ ਫੌਜ ਨੂੰ ਤਾਜ਼ਾ ਸਿਖਲਾਈ, ਹਥਿਆਰਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਤੋਪਖ਼ਾਨਿਆਂ ਨਾਲ ਮੌਡਰਨ ਕਰਨ ਲੱਗ ਪਿਆ। ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਦੀ ਮੌਤ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ, ਰਾਜ ਅੰਦਰੂਨੀ ਫ਼ੁੱਟ ਅਤੇ ਮਾੜੇ ਸਿਆਸੀ ਪ੍ਰਬੰਧਾ ਕਾਰਨ ਕਮਜ਼ੋਰ ਹੋ ਗਿਆ। ਅਖੀਰ, ਸੰਨ 1849 ਤੱਕ ਦੂਜੀ ਐਂਗਲੋ-ਸਿੱਖ ਜੰਗ ਵਿੱਚ ਹਾਰਨ ਕਰਕੇ ਇਹ ਐਮਪਾਇਰ ਬ੍ਰਿਟਿਸ਼ ਰਾਜ ਅਤੇ ਉਸ ਤੋਂ ਅਗਾਂਹ ਭਾਰਤ ਅਤੇ ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ ਦੇ ਹਿਸੇ ਆਇਆ।
ਸੰਨ ੧੮੫੬ ਬਿਕ੍ਰਮੀ (੧੭੯੯ ਈਸਵੀ) ਤੋਂ ੧੯੦੩ ਬਿਕ੍ਰਮੀ (੧੮੪੯ ਈਸਵੀ) ਤੱਕ ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ ਰਾਜ ਦੇ ਚਾਰ ਸੂਬੇ ਸਨ: ਲਹੌਰ (ਪੰਜਾਬ ਵਿੱਚ, ਜੋ ਸਿੱਖ ਰਾਜਧਾਨੀ ਬਣਿਆ ਹੈ), ਮੁਲਤਾਨ (ਇਹ ਵੀ ਪੰਜਾਬ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੈ), ਪੇਸ਼ਾਵਰ ਅਤੇ ਜੰਮੂ ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰ।
ਇਤਿਹਾਸ
ਪਿਛੋਕੜ
ਸਿੱਖੀ ਦਾ ਆਗਾਜ਼ ਉਸ ਸਮੇਂ ਹੋਇਆ, ਜਦ ਮੱਧ ਏਸ਼ੀਆ ਦੇ ਬਾਬਰ ਨੇ ਉੱਤਰ ਦੱਖਣੀ ਏਸ਼ੀਆ ਨੂੰ ਜਿੱਤਕੇ ਮੁਗ਼ਲੀਆ ਸਲਤਨਤ ਨੂੰ ਕਾਇਮ ਕਰਨਾ ਸ਼ੁਰੂ ਕੀਤਾ। ਅਗਾਹਾਂ ਸਲਤਨਤ ਦੀ ਵਾਂਗ ਸੰਭਾਲਨ ਵਾਲੇ ਉਸ ਦੇ ਨਿਰਪੱਖ ਪੋਤੇ, ਅਕਬਰ ਨੇ ਗੁਰੂ ਅਮਰਦਾਸ ਦੇ ਲੰਗਰ ਛਕਣ ਅਤੇ ਦਰਸ਼ਨ ਕਰਨ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ, ਸਿੱਖੀ ਬਾਰੇ ਇੱਕ ਵਧੀਆ ਖਿਆਲ ਬਣਾ ਲਿਆ। ਇਸ ਮੁਲਾਕਾਤ ਦਾ ਇਹ ਸਿੱਟਾ ਨਿਕਲਿਆ, ਕਿ ਉਸਨੇ ਲੰਗਰ ਵਿਸਤੇ ਜ਼ਮੀਨ ਭੇਟਾ ਕੀਤੀ ਅਤੇ ਸੰਨ 1605, ਉਸਦੀ ਮੌਤ ਤੱਕ ਸਿੱਖ ਗੁਰੂਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਮੁਗਲਾਂ ਵਿਚਕਾਰ ਕੋਈ ਟਕਰਾ ਦਾ ਮਹੌਲ ਨਹੀਂ ਬਣਿਆ।[5]
ਜੀਓਗ੍ਰਾਫੀ
ਇਤਿਹਾਸਕ ਖਾਲਸਾ ਰਾਜ ਇਹਨਾਂ ਮੌਜੂਦਾ ਮੌਡਰਨ ਸਿਆਸੀ ਵੰਡਾ ਦਾ ਬਣਿਆ ਸੀ:
- ਪੰਜਾਬ ਖੇਤਰ ਦੱਖਣ ਵੱਲ ਮੁਲਤਾਨ ਤੱਕ
- ਲਹਿੰਦਾ ਪੰਜਾਬ, ਲਹੌਰ ਰਾਜਧਾਨੀ ਵਜੋਂ
- ਚੜ੍ਹਦਾ ਪੰਜਾਬ ਦੇ ਕੁਝ ਹਿੱਸੇ
- ਹਿਮਾਚਲ ਪ੍ਰਦੇਸ਼, ਭਾਰਤ ਦੇ ਕੁਝ ਹਿੱਸੇ
- ਜੰਮੂ, ਭਾਰਤ, ਕਬਜ਼ਾ 1816 - 17 ਜੂਨ 1822
- ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰ, ਭਾਰਤ/ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ/ਚੀਨ, ਜਿਤਿਆ 5 ਜੁਲਾਈ 1819 - 15 ਮਾਰਚ 1846[6][7]
- ਗਿੱਲਗਿਤ ਬਲਤਿਸਤਾਨ, ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ, ਕਬਜ਼ਾ 1842 - 1846[8]
- ਲਦਾਖ਼, ਚੀਨ
- ਖ਼ੈਬਰ ਦੱਰਾ, ਅਫ਼ਗ਼ਾਨਿਸਤਾਨ/ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ[9]
- ਪੇਸ਼ਾਵਰ, ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ,[10] 1818 ਵਿੱਚ ਕਬਜ਼ਾ, 1834 ਵਿੱਚ ਦੁਬਾਰਾ ਕਬਜ਼ਾ
- ਖ਼ੈਬਰ ਪਖ਼ਤੁਨਖ਼ਵਾ ਅਤੇ ਫ਼ੈਡਰਲੀ ਐਡਮਿਨਿਸਟਰਡ ਟ੍ਰਾਈਬਲ ਏਰੀਅਜ਼, ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ, ਬਿਰਤਾਂਤ ਮੁਤਾਬਕ ਹਜ਼ਾਰਾ ਤੋਂ ਬੰਨੂ ਤੱਕ 1818 ਵਿੱਚ ਕਬਜ਼ਾ, 1836 ਵਿੱਚ ਦੁਬਾਰਾ ਕਬਜ਼ਾ[11]
ਟਾਈਮਲਾਈਨ
- 1699 - ਗੁਰੂ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਿੰਘ ਵਲੋਂ ਖਾਲਸਾ ਪ੍ਰਗਟ।
- 1710–1716, ਬੰਦਾ ਸਿੰਘ ਬਹਾਦਰ ਵਲੋਂ ਮੁਗ਼ਲਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਹਰਾ ਪਹਿਲਾ ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ ਰਾਜ ਕਾਇਮ।
- 1716–1738, ਗ਼ਦਰ, ਕੋਈ ਅਸਲੀ ਹਕੂਮਤ ਨਹੀਂ; ਦੋ ਦੁਹਾਕਇਆ ਲਈ ਮੁਗ਼ਲਾਂ ਵਲੋਂ ਮਹੌਲ ਨੂੰ ਫਿਰ ਕਾਬੂ, ਭਰ ਸਿੱਖ ਬਗ਼ਾਵਤ ਕਰ ਗੁਰੀਲਾ ਵੌਰਫੇਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਰੁੱਝੇ।
- 1733–1735, ਸਿਰਫ ਬਾਅਦ ਵਿੱਚ ਨਾ-ਮਨਜ਼ੂਰ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ, ਖ਼ਾਲਸੇ ਵਲੋਂ ਮੁਗ਼ਲਾਂ ਦੇ ਦਿੱਤੇ ਨਵਾਬੀ ਰੁਤਬੇ ਨੂੰ ਪਰਵਾਨ।
- 1748–1767, ਅਹਿਮਦ ਸ਼ਾਹ ਅਬਦਾਲੀ ਵਲੋਂ ਹੋਲਾ।
- 1763–1774, ਚੜਤ ਸਿੰਘ, ਸ਼ੁੱਕਰਚੱਕੀਆ ਮਿਸਲ ਦੇ ਮਿਸਲਦਾਰ ਵਲੋਂ ਗੁਜਰਾਂਵਾਲਾ ਵਿਖੇ ਆਪਣੇ ਆਪ ਨੂੰ ਸਥਾਪਿਤ।
- 1764–1783, ਬਘੇਲ ਸਿੰਘ, ਕਰੋੜ ਸਿੰਘੀਆ ਮਿਸਲ ਦੇ ਮਿਸਲਦਾਰ ਵਲੋਂ ਮੁਗ਼ਲਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਟੈਕਸ ਲਾਗੂ।
- 1783- ਦਿੱਲੀ ਅਤੇ ਲਾਲ ਕਿਲ੍ਹੇ ਉੱਤੇ ਸਿੱਖ ਕਬਜ਼ਾ।
- 1773, ਅਹਿਮਦ ਸ਼ਾਹ ਅਬਦਾਲੀ ਦੀ ਮੌਤ ਉਪਰੰਤ ਉਸਦੇ ਮੁੰਡੇ ਤਿਮੂਰ ਸ਼ਾਹ ਦੇ ਪੰਜਾਬ ਵੱਲ ਕਈ ਹੋਲੇ।
- 1774–1790, ਮਹਾਂ ਸਿੰਘ ਸ਼ੁੱਕਰਚੱਕੀਆ ਮਿਸਲ ਦਾ ਮਿਸਲਦਾਰ ਬਣਿਆ।
- 1790–1801, ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਸ਼ੁੱਕਰਚੱਕੀਆ ਮਿਸਲ ਦਾ ਮਿਸਲਦਾਰ ਬਣਿਆ।
- 1799, ਸਿੱਖ ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ ਫ਼ੌਜ ਦਾ ਗਠਨ।
- 12 ਅਪ੍ਰੈਲ 1801, ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਨੂੰ ਬਤੌਰ ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ ਵਜੋਂ ਤਾਜਪੋਸ਼ੀ।
- 12 ਅਪ੍ਰੈਲ 1801 – 27 ਜੂਨ 1839, ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ ਰਣਜੀਤ ਸਿੰਘ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ।
- 13 ਜੁਲਾਈ 1813, ਅੱਟਕ ਦੀ ਲੜਾਈ, ਸਿੱਖ ਐਮਪਾਇਰ ਦੀ ਦੁਰਾਨੀ ਸਲਤਨਤ ਉੱਪਰ ਪਹਿਲੀ ਅਹਿਮ ਫਤਿਹ।
- ਮਾਰਚ – 2 ਜੂਨ 1818, ਮੁਲਤਾਨ ਦੀ ਲੜਾਈ, ਅਫ਼ਗਾਨ-ਸਿੱਖ ਜੰਗਾਂ ਦੀ ਦੂਜੀ ਲੜਾਈ।
- 3 ਜੁਲਾਈ 1819, ਸ਼ੋਪੀਆ ਦੀ ਲੜਾਈ
- 14 ਮਾਰਚ 1823, ਨੌਸ਼ਹਿਰਾ ਦੀ ਲੜਾਈ
- 30 ਅਪ੍ਰੈਲ 1837, ਜਮਰੌਦ ਦੀ ਲੜਾਈ
- 27 ਜੂਨ 1839 – 5 ਨਵੰਬਰ 1840, ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ ਖੜਕ ਸਿੰਘ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ।
- 5 ਨਵੰਬਰ 1840 – 18 ਜਨਵਰੀ 1841, ਚੰਦ ਕੌਰ ਵੱਲੋਂ ਰਾਜ ਦੀ ਸੰਖੇਪ ਵਕਵੇ ਲਈ ਸੰਭਾਲ।
- 18 ਜਨਵਰੀ 1841 – 15 ਸਤੰਬਰ 1843, ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ ਸ਼ੇਰ ਸਿੰਘ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ।
- ਮਈ 1841 – ਅਗਸਤ 1842, ਸੀਨੋ-ਸਿੱਖ ਜੰਗ
- 15 ਸਤੰਬਰ 1843 – 31 ਮਾਰਚ 1849, ਮਹਾਰਾਜਾ ਦਲੀਪ ਸਿੰਘ ਦਾ ਰਾਜ।
- 1845–1846, ਪਹਿਲੀ ਐਂਗਲੋ-ਸਿੱਖ ਜੰਗ
- 1848–1849, ਦੂਜੀ ਐਂਗਲੋ-ਸਿੱਖ ਜੰਗ
ਹਵਾਲੇ
ਸਾਈਟੇਸ਼ਨਾਂ
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- ↑ "Ranjit Singh: A Secular Sikh Sovereign by K.S. Duggal. ''(Date:1989. ISBN 8170172446'')". Exoticindiaart.com. 3 September 2015. Retrieved 2009-08-09.
- ↑ Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, (Edition: Volume V22, Date: 1910–1911), Page 892.
- ↑ Grewal, J. S. (1990). The Sikhs of the Punjab, Chapter 6: The Sikh empire (1799–1849). The New Cambridge History of India. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0 521 63764 3.
- ↑ The Encyclopaedia of Sikhism, section Sāhib Siṅgh Bedī, Bābā (1756–1834).
- ↑ ਫਰਮਾ:Harvnb
- ↑ The Masters Revealed, (Johnson, p. 128)
- ↑ Britain and Tibet 1765–1947, (Marshall, p.116)
- ↑ Ben Cahoon. "Pakistan Princely States". Worldstatesmen.org. Retrieved 9 August 2009.
- ↑ The Khyber Pass: A History of Empire and Invasion, (Docherty, p.187)
- ↑ The Khyber Pass: A History of Empire and Invasion, (Docherty, p.185-187)
- ↑ Bennett-Jones, Owen; Singh, Sarina, Pakistan & the Karakoram Highway Page 199
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ਹੋਰ ਅੱਗੇ ਪੜ੍ਹਾਈ
- Volume 2: Evolution of Sikh Confederacies (1708–1769), By Hari Ram Gupta. (Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. Date: 1999, ISBN 81-215-0540-2, 383 pages, illustrated).
- The Sikh Army (1799–1849) (Men-at-arms), By Ian Heath. (Date: 2005, ISBN 1-84176-777-8).
- The Heritage of the Sikhs By Harbans Singh. (Date: 1994, ISBN 81-7304-064-8).
- Sikh Domination of the Mughal Empire. (Date: 2000, Second Edition. ISBN 81-215-0213-6).
- The Sikh Commonwealth or Rise and Fall of Sikh Misls. (Date: 2001, revised edition. ISBN 81-215-0165-2).
- Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Lord of the Five Rivers, By Jean-Marie Lafont. (Oxford University Press. Date: 2002, ISBN 0-19-566111-7).
- History of Panjab, By Dr L. M. Joshi and Dr Fauja Singh.
ਬਾਹਰੀ ਲਿੰਕ
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- Battle of Jamrud
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